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  Generations of computer First Generation (1940s–1956) : Used vacuum tubes , very large and slow, programmed in machine language. Example: ENIAC. Second Generation (1956–1963) : Used transistors , smaller and faster, introduced assembly and early high-level languages. Example: IBM 1401. Third Generation (1964–1971) : Used integrated circuits (ICs) , more reliable, supported multiprogramming. Example: IBM System/360. Fourth Generation (1971–1980s) : Used microprocessors , led to personal computers, GUIs, and networking. Example: Apple II, IBM PC. Fifth Generation (1980s–Present) : Focus on AI, parallel processing, and portability , with modern PCs, smartphones, and cloud computing.